LANGUAGE WITH SAKSHI

During the Victorian Age, novel as genre came on the first place. Novel of this age deal with the social issues. Though both man and woman were there but at the end women novelists won the race so this age is also known as the age of Women Novelists. "Jane Austen" was the first woman novelist of the period. This era is known for the galaxy of women novelists. These women novelists used novel as a fertile weapon to express their condition in the society. They wrote not only about fashion, love and household but also about the social political condition of the age. The novels of this age were huge in length, they were published in installments. Though Victorian Age is known for the trouble faced by the women so they published bundle of novels. The condition of women, during that period can be understood by these lines of "Tennyson" in his work "The Princess", " Man for the field, woman for the health ", " Man for the sword, wom...

As we know that "Metaphysical Poetry" is a term which makes from two words "Meta" and "Physical". Here, Meta means "Beyond the world" means "spiritual world", which can't be seen. Whereas Physical means "material world" or "fashionable world", which is existed in our society. Metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy. The term Metaphysical Poetry was coined by "Samuel Johnson" (1709 - 1784). He used this word Metaphysical Poetry in his book " Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets ". This type of poetry is witty ingenious and highly philosophical. In its topic include love, life, and existence. In this type of poetry, poets describe about those things which are not connected to each other. For example, John Donne, in his poem " Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ", he compares lovers with a compass. He shows lovers as a two legs of compass. Again, in his poem "...

"The Rape of the Lock" is a " mock heroic " poem written by Alexander Pope. We know very well that a mock heroic poem concerns with imagination and judgment. It is a masterpiece of mock heroic poems, first published in 1712. It is both a reflection and production of the first half of 18th century. Through this poem, Alexander Pope shows the picture of contemporary fashionable life of society that shows the follies and vanities of fashionable people. About Author Alexander Pope was the poet and satirist of the 18th century, known as Augustan Age. He was known as master of "heroic couplet". He was born in London on 21 May, 1688 and died on 30 May, 1744. His best known satirical poems are "The Rape of the Lock", "An Essay on Criticism" and "The Dunciad". Pope translated Homar's "Iliad and Odyssey", because of these traditions Pope became much popular and wealthy. Alexander Pope is the true successor of Dr...

 "Pride and Prejudice" is a romantic novel of manners by "Jane Austen" in which Austen shows her two major characters of the novel, one as pride and another as prejudice. Austen wrote it between 1796 to 1797 in Georgian Period, when King George 3rd was ruling over England. It was first published in 1813. This type of novel focuses on the social behavior and customs of upper class people. About Author Jane Austen was the best admired English fiction writer of the nineteenth century. Her life was unexciting but her novels give delightful reading to its readers. She was born in 1775 and died in 1817. Jane Austen was famous for her novels about the domestic life of upper class English people. After the publication of her six major works she became famous. Her first novel is "Pride and Prejudice" (1813) and other works are "Sense and Sensibility"( 1811), "Mansfield Park" (1814), "Emma" ( 18...

" Silas Marner : The Weaver of Raveloe " is a third novel by Mary Ann Evans known by her pen name " George Eliot ". It was published in 1861. It is an outwardly simple tale of a liner weaver, Silas Marner. It is noted for its strong realism and its sophisticated treatment of variety of issues ranging from religion to industrialization to community. The novel was written in nineteenth century when there was a craze of novels. About Author The writer of the novel "Mary Anne Evans" who knows by her pen name "George Eliot" was an English novelist, poet, journalist, translator and one of the leading writers of the Victorian Era. She was born on 22 November 1819 and died in 22 December 1880. She was one of the women novelists of the 19th century. George Eliot's mind was well above the ordinary in its bent for religious and philosophical speculations. " Adam Bede " (1859) was her first novel, which...

" The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie " is a novel by Muriel Spark which is the best known of her works. It was first published as a book in " The New Yorker " magazine by Macmillan in 1961. The character of the novel, Miss Jean Brodie, brought Spark international fame and brought her into the first rank of contemporary Scottish literature. The novel was chosen by " The Time Magazine " in 2005, as one of the one hundred best English language novels.  About Author  Spark was the British novelist, short story writer, poet and essayist. She was born in 1 Feb,1918 in Edinburgh, United Kingdom and died in 13 April, 2006 in Florence, Italy. She was educated at James Gillespie's School for Girls. Spark recieved several prize in literature and she was short-listed for the " Booker Prize " in 1969 for " The Public Image ". Her important works are The Comforters, Robinson, The Bachelors, The Public Image etc. Plot Summary  The novel ...

" Macbeth " or " The Tragedy of Macbeth " is a tragic play of Jacobean Era by William Shakespeare. It may have been first performed in 1606 and published in the Folio of 1623 from a prompt book. It is Shakespeare's shortest tragedy and is a five act play.  About Author   Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. He is known as the greatest dramatist of both of the Era, "Elizabethan" and "Jacobean". He was born on 23 April, 1564 and died on 23 April, 1616. He is often called "England's National Poet" and "The Bard of Avon". His extant works including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three long narrative poems and a few other verses. He was a writer of "English Renaissance" movement. Some of his famous plays are Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, Henry 5, Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, King...

             " Tha Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus ", commonly known as     " Doctor Faustus " is an Elizabethan tragedy by Christopher Marlowe, which is based on German stories about the tittle character " Faust ". It has been written sometimes between 1589 to 1592. About Author           Marlowe was an English playwright, poet and translator of the Elizabethan Era. He was known as Shakespeare's most important predecessor in English drama. He was baptized on 26 Feb, 1564 in England and died on 30 May, 1593 in London. He was educated from Cambridge University. He was first to use blank verse, which became the standard for the Era. Marlowe wrote many great tragedies like " Tamburlaine, the Great ", " Doctor Faustus ", " The Jew of Malta ", " Edward the Second ". His first play " Tamburlaine " was among the first English plays written in blank verse. Marlowe's play...

                              Hayavadana is an Indian Kannada language two - act play written by Indian writer Girish Karnad in 1971. About author                   Girish Karnad was an Indian actor, film director, Kannada writer and a Rhodes Scholar who mainly worked in south Indian cinema and Bollywood. He was a recipient of the 1998  " Jnanpith Award ", the highest literary honour conferred in India. He was conferred "Padma Shri" and "Padma Bhushan" by the government of India and won four " Filmfare Awards ". Plot Summary                 The play " Hayavadana " tells the story of the two friends Devadatta and Kapila who are in love with the same woman, Padmini who accidentally swaps head of the two friends after they cut off their heads. It is a comedy that ends with a tragedy. The narrator also tells the...

About author                     Jonathan Swift was born in 1667 and died in 1745. He was an Anglo - Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer of the 18th century. Swift is remembered for works such as "A Tale of a Tub" (1704), "An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity"(1712), "Gulliver's Travels" (1726), and "A Modest Proposal" (1729).                        He originally published all of his works under pseudonyms such as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff and anonymously. He was a master of two styles of satire, the " Horatian " and "Juvenalian " style. In his novel "A Tale of Tub" he criticizes western christianity especially the leaders of the church. He wrote more other great satires in which Gulliver's Travels is one of them. About novel                   " Gulliver's Travels" or "Travels int...

About author                       Love for Love was written by the well known Restoration dramatist William Congreve. He was an English playwright and poet of the Restoration period . He is known for his clever satirical dialogue and influence on the " Comedy of Manners ". Congreve shaped the English comedy of manners through his use of satire and well written dialogue. He became more famous when he wrote some famous plays of Restoration Era like " The Old Bachelor " , "The Double Dealer", " Love for Love " , " The Way of the World " and his tragedy  " The Mourning Bride " .  Restoration Age (1660-1689)   Love for Love was written in Restoration Age. It was also known as the " Age of Dryden " because Dryden was the representative writer of this period.  The restoration of King Charles 2nd in 1660 marks the beginning of the new era both in life and the literature of England .  ...

                  The Fox is a "novella" by D.H Lawrence which first appeared in "The Dial " in 1922. It is set in Berkshire England, during World War 1st .  About author                     The writer David Herbert Lawrence was born in 1885 and died in 1930 , was an English writer and poet . His collected works represent, among other things an extended reflection upon  dehumanizing effects of modernity and industrialization.  Lawrence's writing explores issues such as sexuality, emotional health, vitality, spontaneity and instinct. His major works include " Sons and Lovers" , "The Rainbow" , "Women in Love" , and "Lady Chatterly's Lover".                     D.H Lawrence was the writer of Modernism.  It is both a philosophical movement and an art movement that arose from broad transformations in wes...

Plot Summary                   "The Odour of Chrysanthemums" is a short story by D.H Lawrence. It was written in the autumn of 1909 and after revision was published in 'The English Review' in July 1911.                     David Herbert Lawrence was an English writer and poet. Lawrence's writing explores issues such as sexuality, emotional health,  vitality,  spontaneity and instinct . His major works include " Sons and Lovers", "The Rainbow ", " Women in Love ", and " Lady Chatterley's Lover" .                     " The Odour of Chrysanthemums " was written between the end of the Victorian period in 1901 and the beginning of the World War in 1914 . It was a time when England was still a powerful international force and the head of a huge empire that extended from India to Nigeria , which demonstrated Eng...

  Charles Dickens  ( Charles John Huffam Dickens ) was born in Landport, Portsmouth, on February 7, 1812. Charles was the second of eight children to John Dickens (1786–1851), a clerk in the Navy Pay Office, and his wife Elizabeth Dickens (1789–1863). The Dickens family moved to London in 1814 and two years later to Chatham, Kent, where Charles spent early years of his childhood. Due to the financial difficulties they moved back to London in 1822, where they settled in Camden Town, a poor neighborhood of London. The defining moment of Dickens's life occurred when he was 12 years old. His father, who had a difficult time managing money and was constantly in debt, was imprisoned in the Marshalsea debtor's prison in 1824. Because of this, Charles was withdrawn from school and forced to work in a warehouse that handled 'blacking' or shoe polish to help support the family. This experience left profound psychological and sociological effects on Charles. It gave him a firsthan...

William Shakespeare, often called England's national poet, is considered the greatest dramatist of all time. His works are loved throughout the world, but Shakespeare's personal life is shrouded in mystery. Who Was William Shakespeare? William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor of the  Renaissance  era. He was an important member of the King’s Men company of theatrical players from roughly 1594 onward.  He is known through out the  world, Shakespeare's writings capture the range of human emotion and conflict and have been celebrated for more than 400 years. And yet, the personal life of William Shakespeare is somewhat a mystery.  There are two primary sources that provide historians with an outline of his life. One is his work — the plays, poems and sonnets — and the other is official documentation such as church and court records. However, these provide only brief sketches of specific events in his life and yield litt...